拥有(you)帝王(wang)宫(gong)(gong)殿(dian)、园林、庙(miao)坛(tan)和(he)(he)陵墓数量最(zui)(zui)多，内(nei)(nei)容最(zui)(zui)丰富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市。其中(zhong)(zhong)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)故宫(gong)(gong)，明朝(chao)时(shi)叫大(da)内(nei)(nei)宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，清(qing)朝(chao)时(shi)叫紫禁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，这(zhei)里原为(wei)明、清(qing)两代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皇宫(gong)(gong)，住(zhu)(zhu)过24个皇帝，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)宏伟壮观，完美地(di)(di)(di)体现(xian)了中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)传(chuan)统(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古典(dian)风格(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)东(dong)(dong)方格(ge)(ge)调(diao)(diao)，是(shi)我国(guo)(guo)乃至全世界(jie)现(xian)存最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宫(gong)(gong)殿(dian)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)华民(min)(min)族宝贵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化遗(yi)产。天(tian)坛(tan)以其布(bu)局合(he)(he)理(li)、构筑(zhu)精妙而(er)扬(yang)名中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)，是(shi)明、清(qing)两代(dai)(dai)皇帝“祭天(tian)”传(chuan)统(tong)(tong)文(wen)化　　四(si)合(he)(he)院和(he)(he)胡同 　　四(si)合(he)(he)院是(shi)以正(zheng)房(fang)(fang)、倒(dao)座(zuo)房(fang)(fang)、东(dong)(dong)西(xi)厢房(fang)(fang)围绕中(zhong)(zhong)间庭院形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平面布(bu)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)方传(chuan)统(tong)(tong)住(zhu)(zhu)宅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)统(tong)(tong)称。北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)四(si)合(he)(he)院源(yuan)于(yu)元代(dai)(dai)院落式民(min)(min)居(ju)，是(shi)老北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)(zui)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)居(ju)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。一座(zuo)座(zuo)青瓦灰砖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)合(he)(he)院之(zhi)间形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窄巷，就是(shi)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)胡同。 　　庙(miao)宇 　　法源(yuan)寺北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)寺庙(miao)遍布(bu)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，现(xian)存著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)：佛教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法源(yuan)寺、潭柘寺、戒台寺、云居(ju)寺、八大(da)处等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。道教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白云观等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。伊(yi)斯兰教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)牛街(jie)礼拜寺等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。藏传(chuan)佛教(jiao)(jiao)（喇嘛教(jiao)(jiao)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雍和(he)(he)宫(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，天(tian)主教(jiao)(jiao)西(xi)什库天(tian)主堂、王(wang)府(fu)井天(tian)主堂等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。基(ji)督教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缸瓦市教(jiao)(jiao)堂、崇文(wen)门(men)(men)(men)(men)教(jiao)(jiao)堂等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。 　　中(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)线(xian)(xian) 　　北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)线(xian)(xian)是(shi)指元、明、清(qing)时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)线(xian)(xian)，北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市规划具有(you)以宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)左右(you)对称的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)点(dian)。北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)线(xian)(xian)南起(qi)永(yong)定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)，北(bei)(bei)至钟鼓楼(lou)，长约(yue)7.8公里。从南往(wang)北(bei)(bei)依次为(wei)，永(yong)定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)，前门(men)(men)(men)(men)箭楼(lou)，正(zheng)阳门(men)(men)(men)(men)，中(zhong)(zhong)华门(men)(men)(men)(men)，天(tian)安门(men)(men)(men)(men)， 端门(men)(men)(men)(men)，午门(men)(men)(men)(men)，紫禁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，神武(wu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)，景山，地(di)(di)(di)安门(men)(men)(men)(men)，后门(men)(men)(men)(men)桥，鼓楼(lou)和(he)(he)钟楼(lou)。从这(zhei)条中(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)线(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南端永(yong)定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)起(qi)，就有(you)天(tian)坛(tan)、先(xian)农坛(tan)；太庙(miao)、社稷坛(tan)；东(dong)(dong)华门(men)(men)(men)(men)、西(xi)华门(men)(men)(men)(men)；安定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)，德胜(sheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)以中(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)线(xian)(xian)为(wei)轴(zhou)对称分布(bu)。中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)著名建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)大(da)师(shi)梁(liang)思成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)先(xian)生(sheng)曾经(jing)说：“北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)独有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壮美秩序(xu)就由(you)这(zhei)条中(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)线(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立而(er)产生(sheng)。” 永(yong)定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)、中(zhong)(zhong)华门(men)(men)(men)(men)、地(di)(di)(di)安门(men)(men)(men)(men)都(dou)(dou)在中(zhong)(zhong)华人民(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)国(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立后被(bei)拆毁(hui)，而(er)近年(nian)来又重新修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)了永(yong)定(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)楼(lou)。 　　城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池 　　始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)明朝(chao)1550年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天(tian)街(jie)”——前门(men)(men)(men)(men)大(da)街(jie)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)历史上最(zui)(zui)后两代(dai)(dai)王(wang)朝(chao)明和(he)(he)清(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)总称，由(you)宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、内(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)组成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，包括城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墙(qiang)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)、瓮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、角楼(lou)、 敌台、护城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多道设(she)施(shi)，曾经(jing)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)存世最(zui)(zui)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古代(dai)(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市防(fang)御体系。北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)明清(qing)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)总称。根据(ju)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)级(ji)以及建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)规格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差异(yi)，分为(wei)宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)、内(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)、外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)类。明清(qing)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)宫(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)座(zuo)（一称六座(zuo)） 　　京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)剧(ju) 　　京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)剧(ju)是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)粹(cui)。京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)剧(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)头还要(yao)追溯到几种古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方戏剧(ju)，1790年(nian)，安徽(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)方戏班——三庆班、四(si)喜(xi)班、春(chun)公班、和(he)(he)春(chun)班——先(xian)后进京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)献艺(yi)，获得空前成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功。徽(hui)班常与来自湖北(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汉调(diao)(diao)艺(yi)人合(he)(he)作演(yan)出，于(yu)是(shi)，一种以徽(hui)调(diao)(diao)“二(er)黄”和(he)(he)汉